Modelling and Improving Efficiency of Emergency Department’s Green Zone Using Discrete Event Simulation

Authors

  • Nurul Asmaa’ Musfirah Mohd Mazlan Computational and Theoretical Sciences Department Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
  • Wan Malissa Wan Mohd Aminuddin Computational and Theoretical Sciences Department Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/ijic.v16n1.605

Keywords:

Emergency department, overcrowding, efficiency, discrete event simulation

Abstract

This study aims to optimize patient flow within the Green Zone of a Hospital Emergency Department in Kuala Lumpur by focusing on reducing patient waiting times and improving staff workload caused by overcrowding and operational inefficiencies. A model was developed to replicate current Green Zone operations and evaluate scenarios to optimize staff allocation and identify the bottlenecks by using Discrete Event Simulation (DES) in ARENA software. The model has been verified by medical professionals and validated against real-world data with an acceptable deviation of less than 10%. Implementation of the optimized model significantly reduced average patient waiting times from 174.50 minutes to 60.65 minutes. Doctor utilization rates also decreased from 97.00% to 76.66%, indicating improved resource efficiency and workload distribution. The application of DES in optimizing patient flow within the Green Zone demonstrated significant improvements in both patient experience and operational efficiency. The approach holds potential for broader implementation across other departments and healthcare facilities in Malaysia.

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Published

2026-06-10

How to Cite

Mohd Mazlan, N. A. M., & Wan Mohd Aminuddin, W. M. (2026). Modelling and Improving Efficiency of Emergency Department’s Green Zone Using Discrete Event Simulation . International Journal of Innovative Computing, 16(1), 67–71. https://doi.org/10.11113/ijic.v16n1.605

Issue

Vol. 16 No. 1: June 2026

Section

Article

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